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Glossary
- AAC
- AAC stands for Advanced Audio Coding, which is the high-quality digital
audio compression technology used in SD-Audio and satellite-based digital
broadcasting in Japan. It compresses data to about one-tenth of its original
size while maintaining CD-like sound quality when recording in the
highest-quality mode (128kbps). The sound quality is better than an MP3
player.
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- CD Ripping
- This refers to the copying of audio data from a music CD to a PC or a
memory card.
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- Check-in, Check-out
- These are the terms used in SDMI copyright protection system.
Checking-out means writing data from the PC to an SD memory card with a
"key". Checking-in means returning the music data and the "key" from the SD
memory card to the PC. This system prevents data from being duplicated on a
different PC other than the one from which it was checked out.
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- CPRM
- Content Protection for Recordable Media. This is a technology that
supports the security system of the SD memory card. This is a content
protection and certification/authentication standard jointly developed by 4C
Entity LLC.
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- De facto Standard
- A de facto standard is a general standard resulting from mass market
adoption. A good example of a de facto standard is DVD for home video. The
SD memory card is the de facto standard among flash memory cards.
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- EMD
- EMD stands for Electronic Media Distribution, and it refers to the
service of distributing digital contents through a communication network
such as Internet or a mobile phone system.
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- Encoder
- An encoder is a device, circuit or software routine that compresses
digital audio, video or other data to reduce volume, and sometimes encodes
that data to prevent illegal duplication and use. Basically, an encoder only
compresses and encodes data. A decoder is a device that decodes encoded
data.
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- Flash Memory
- A memory technology that allows data to be written and rewritten and is
not erased when the power is shut off. Since flash memory does not need
battery backup, it is used in a wide variety of consumer electronics.
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- GPS
- GPS, which stands for Global Positioning System, is a whole-earth
navigation system consisting of 24 GPS satellites that are in orbit 11,000
nautical miles around the earth. The satellites transmit signals that can be
detected with a GPS receiver, and then uses the signals to determine your
exact location on earth with great accuracy.
Return to Terms - HALA
- HALA, which stands for Host/Ancillary License Agreement, is required by companies planning to have made, design, use, offer for sale, import or export SD host products or SD ancillary products.
Return to Terms - ISO 9293
- This is a logical format standardized by the International Standards
Organization (ISO). The SD memory card complies IS0 9293 in its file system
for storing data. By using an IS0 format, compatibility between different
kinds of devices and operating systems is realized.
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- JPEG
- JPEG stands for Joint Photographic Experts Group. This is a format
standardized by ISO and ITU-TS (a branch of ITU), which is used in
compressing still image data. JPEG, with its 16.7 million colors, is well
suited to compressing photographic images and widely used in Web
documents.
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- LAMS
- LAMS stands for License Agreement for SD Association Memory Card Specification. This is required by companies for the manufacture of SD memory cards and flash SDIO cards.
Return to Terms - MIDI
- MIDI is an acronym that stands for Musical Instrument Digital Interface.
MIDI files are music files that contain no audio information. Rather, they
contain only the artist's musical keyboard keystroke information (note,
velocity. duration, etc.) captured at the time the music was composed. A
device that supports MIDI playback, such as PC with a MIDI capable sound
card, can then be used to synthesize (recreate) that same music.
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- MPEG
- MPEG stands for Moving Picture Experts Group and is the name of family
of standards used for coding audio-visual information (e.g.. movies, video,
music) in a digital compressed format. MPEG-1 is applied to Video CDs.
MPEG-2 to DVD and MPEG 4 targets telecommunications, such as mobile phones
and the Internet. MPEG is capable of transferring video images at high speed
and with a lower volume of data.
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- MP3
- MP3 stands for MPEG-1 Audio Layer 3, the international standard for
compression of audio data established for the MPEG-1 motion picture
compression standard. Compression rates of 1/10 to 1/12 can be obtained with
without significantly degrading the original sound quality. MP3 is a widely
used compression technology for distributing music over the Internet.
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- RIAA
- Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) conducts activities
related to the music industry, such as discussion on copyright protection.
The RIAA played a central role in establishing SDMI.
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- SD Association
- The SD Association is a global ecosystem of technology companies setting
industry-leading memory card storage standards that simplify the use of
consumer electronics and wireless communication products for millions of
people everyday. SD Association was formed in January 2000 by Panasonic
Corporation, SanDisk Corporation and Toshiba Corporation. Today, the
Association is made up of more than 1,100 member companies involved in the
design, development, manufacture or sale of products or services using SD
technology. The small, postage stamp-sized removable memory cards are used
by some 400 global brands across dozens of product categories and found in
more than 7,000 models.
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- SDIO card
- SDIO is an SD-size card with extended input/output functions. IO stands
for input and output. SDIO allows manufacturers to create hardware extension
devices which can be added to products via the SDIO compatible slot. Many
SDIO based add-on products include wireless LAN and communications adapters,
digital TV Tuners, and GPS attachments among others. SDIO compatible slots
are available on many PDAs, mobile phones and numerous other products.
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- SDMI
- SDMI stands for Secure Digital Music Initiative. The SDMI conference was
established by music device manufacturers, five major music companies (UMG,
BMG, EMI, WMG, SME) and the RIAA for protecting music copyrights. SDMI
creates a framework for preventing the illegal use of music data and
promotes services that provide online music legally.
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- USB
- Universal Serial Bus (USB) is a standard for low to middle speed serial
interfaces and supports a wide variety of products such as printers, modems,
digital cameras and MP3 music players. Unlike previous serial connections,
USB uses a convenient "hot-swapping" system that allows you disconnect and
connect the cable while the unit's power is on.
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- USB Reader/Writer
- This is a device that reads, writes and changes data on a memory card.
For example, it is used to save digital data, such as music, onto a memory
card from a PC.
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- WMA
- Microsoft introduced its Windows Media Audio (WMA) file format in the
summer of 1999. WMA offers improved sound quality over MP3 files encoded at
the same bit rate. In addition to superior compression, WMA includes the
ability for copyright protection in the WMA codec through the use of digital
certificates.
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- 3C (SD-3C, LLC)
- 3C stands for the three companies - Panasonic Corporation, Sandisk, and
Toshiba - which formed a strategic alliance on August 25, 1999 to develop
next generation semiconductor memory cards. The companies developed the SD
memory card and introduced it onto the marketing in June 2000.
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- 4C Entity, LLC
- The 4C Entity, LLC is organized for the purpose of licensing the copy
protection technologies such as Content Protection for Recordable Media and
Pre-Recorded Media (CPRM/CPPM) specifications. These technologies are
jointly developed by IBM, Intel, Panasonic Corporation and Toshiba.
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